Isevisi Emuncu ＆ Izicelo Ezikhethekile

Incazelo yenkonzo emuncuekuthengeni kwepayipi akukhona nje ukuthi "i-H₂S ikhona." Kusho inhlanganisela yeI-H₂S ingcindezi eyingxenye, izinga lokushisa, i-pH, nama-chlorideingakwazi ukushayela i-hydrogen ibe yinsimbi kanye ne-triggerI-SSC/HIC, ngakho-ke umzila obalulekile nemithetho yokwamukela kufanele ilandele-izindinganiso zesevisi ezimuncu kunomkhuba ovamile wamapayipi kalayini.

Isibonelo:Umbiko owuketshezi okhombisayo1,000 ppm H₂Singabukeka "emaphakathi," kodwa ku100 ibhaingcindezi ephelele elihumusha kuyo~0.1 ibha ppH₂S, okunzima ngokwanele ukuthi abaqhubi abaningi baqinise izimfuneko zokulawula ubulukhuni kanye neziqu ezimuncu. Ngokuphambene, i-1,000 ppm efanayo ku-10 ibhakuphela~0.01 ibha ppH₂S, ngokuvamile okuholela esinqumweni sokuthenga esihluke kakhulu.
Yingakho ukukhethwa kwesevisi{0}}okumuncu ngokuvamile kuqhutshwa yi-umbiko we-fluid chemistrykanye nezinga lokuphatha (ngokuvamileI-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156)-nokuthi kungani i-Octal Pipe ivamise ukucela imvilophu yesevisi (ppH₂S / pH / izinga lokushisa) ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa-iphakheji lempahla yepayipi lesevisi elimuncu.

Ezimbonini zikawoyela negesi, i-petrochemical, offshore, kanye{{0}nengcindezi/phezulu-yezinga lokushisa (HPHT) eliphezulu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zesevisi emuncu zidinga izimfuneko eziqinile zebanga lensimbi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kokushisa, ikhwalithi yokushisela, okokunamathela, nokubekezelela kobukhulu. Ngaphandle kokulawula okufanele, izindawo ezimuncu zingaba nomthelela omubi ubuqotho bepayipi, ukuphepha, nempilo yokusebenza.

I-Octal Pipe inikeza isevisi emuncu namapayipi olayini okufaka isicelo akhethekile ahambisana namazinga ahamba phambili emhlabeni kanye nezitifiketi.

Isevisi emuncu H₂S ppmiyinkomba yokuhlushwa, kodwaabuchazi ubulukhuni obumuncu bubodwa. Iningi{1}}elimuncu lokufaneleka lensiza liqhutshwaI-H₂S partial pressure (ppH₂S)ngoba ingozi yokuqhekeka ilawulwa yiamandla okushayela okungena kwe-hydrogen, okwandayo ngokucindezela okuyingxenye. Ngokwemibandela yobunjiniyela, i-ppH₂S kufanele ihlolwe kanyei-pH, ama-chloride, izinga lokushisa, nokutholakala kwesigaba samanzi, ngoba la mapharamitha athinta kakhulu ukuthambekela kwe-SSC/HIC.

Ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kokuhlolwa kwegesi-kulokhu:

ppH₂S=(H₂S ingxenyana yemvukuzane) × (ingqikithi yokucindezela okuphelele)

• Ngokwakhiwa kwegesi,ingxenye yemvukuzane ≈ ppm / 1,000,000(isisekelo se-ppmv).
• Sebenzisaukucindezela okuphelele(hhayi igeji).
• Amanothi eyunithi:1 ibha=100 kPa; 1 psi ≈ 6.895 kPa.

Izibonelo ezisetshenzisiwe (i-ppm efanayo, ubunzima obuhlukile):

• 1,000 ppm=0.001. Ngo100 ibhaisamba sokucindezela: ppH₂S=0.001 × 100 =0.1 ibha.
• Okufanayo1,000 ppmkwe10 ibhaisamba sokucindezela: ppH₂S=0.001 × 10 =0.01 ibha.
• Noma i-ppm ifana, icala lesibili linayo10× ngaphansi ppH₂S, okuvame ukuholela ezidingweni ezihlukene zezinto/zokuhlola ekucacisweni kwephrojekthi.

Kungani lokhu kubalulekile ekuthengweni kwamapayipi:

Njengoba i-ppH₂S ikhula, amaphrojekthi ngokuvamile aqinisa ukulawula izinto ezishayela imiphumela ye-SSC/HIC-kaningi.imikhawulo yokuqina (ikakhulukazi i-weld/HAZ), ukuhlanzeka kwensimbi/ukufakwa kokulawula, kanye neziqu ezimuncu ezidingekayo/ububanzi bokuhlola (HIC/SSC uma kucacisiwe). Yingakho i-oda lokuthenga elithi kuphela "H₂S=X ppm" ngokuvamile linganele ukuqedela-iphakheji lempahla yepayipi lesevisi elimuncu. Empeleni, i-H₂S (ppmv noma i-mol%),ingcindezi yokusebenza okuphelele, izinga lokushisa,pH, ama-chloride, nokuthi ingabe sikhona yini isigaba samanzi samahhala. Ngalokhu, i-ppH₂S ingasungulwa futhi umzila wezinto ezibonakalayo (kanye nemibhalo edingekayo/ukuhlola) ungasethwa ngokungaguquguquki. I-Octal Pipe ivamise ukucela imvilophu yesevisi (ppH₂S, pH, izinga lokushisa, ama-chlorides, nesigaba samanzi) kuqala, bese iqondanisa umzila obalulekile kanye nobubanzi bamadokhumenti nezinga elibusayo ukuze iphrojekthi ikwazi ukusula{2} ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe.

Izidingo zempahla yesevisi emuncuzisethelwe ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwe-SSC/HIC, ngakho-ke i-oda kufanele lichaze ipayipi njengeiphakethe lempahla yepayipi lenkonzo emuncu-hhayi i-OD/WT kuphela kanye nebanga. Empeleni, i-oda lokuthenga kufanele lisho ngokucacile:

• Izinga elibusayo elimuncu:I-NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (futhi iyiphi ingxenye esebenzayo), kanye nanoma yikuphi ukucaciswa komqhubi/inkampani.
• Imvilophu yesevisi (isisekelo sokukhetha):ppH₂S (noma ukwakheka kwe-H₂S + ukucindezela okuphelele), i-pH, izinga lokushisa, ama-chloride, nokuthi ingabe amanzi amahhala akhona yini.
• Ububanzi bokulawula okubalulekile:isilawuli samakhemikhali (okubandakanya ukuhlanzeka/okufakiwe), umzila wokwenza insimbi njengoba kudingwa ngokucaciswa, umzila wokwelapha ukushisa, kanye nesisekelo sokulawula ubulukhuni.
• Ukuhlola okumuncu (uma kudingwa ngokucaciswa):Iziqu ze-HIC / SSC, imvamisa yesampula, kanye nenqubo yokwamukela.
• Izidingo ze-PSL / ezengeziwe:isb, i-API 5L PSL2 enezimfuneko ezingeziwe zesevisi-ezimuncu lapho kufanele khona.
• Ukulawulwa kwe-Weld/HAZ (uma ipayipi elishiselwe livunyelwe):weld seam NDT ububanzi kanye nanoma yiziphi izidingo zobulukhuni/ukufaneleka okubhekiselwe kuzo iphrojekthi ye-ITP.

Indlela i-Octal Pipe esekela ngayo-ukuthengwa kwesevisi okumuncu:I-Octal Pipe ngokuvamile iqala ngeimvilophu yesevisibese akha isibuyekezo-iphakheji elungile elizungezile-eqinisekisa ukuthi ipayipi le-carbon steel line lamukelekile yini noma ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa (ukulawula ukuqina okuqinile, ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka okuqinile, i-CRA/ukugqokisa/uqweqwe) kuyadingeka ukuze kugunyazwe. Ngokuthunyelwe kwe-EPC, singahlinzeka aokuningi{{0}okususelwe kumephu yokulandeleka(ukushisa/ikhoyili → ukumaka ipayipi → amarekhodi okuhlola), futhi uqondanise isethi yedokhumenti (i-MTC + imibiko yokuhlola/yokuhlola) nephrojekthi ye-ITP ukuze ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe beklayenti nokukhululwa kwempahla kungabambezeleki izixhumanisi ezingekho.

I-Sur Service Region 3 (Imuncu Kakhulu)

Amanye amashadi o-opharetha ahlukanisa ubunzima obumuncu ngokwezifunda;Isifunda 3ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukumelaisevisi emuncu enzimakumidwebo ye-pH vs ppH₂S. Esifundeni 3, abathengi bavamise ukuqinisa umzila wezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobubanzi beziqu (ukulawula ubulukhuni + ukuhlolwa okumuncu + imibhalo eqinile) ngoba amamajini e-SSC mancane.

Ukukhethwa kwepayipi-elimuncu kuvame ukuvuswa yi-imvilophu yokusebenza elinganisekayo-i-ppH₂S, i-pH, ama-chlorides, izinga lokushisa, nesigaba samanzi{1}}kunelebula yephrojekthi. Izimo ezingezansi zichaza iizimo zenkambu zangempelaezishayela ubungozi be-SSC/HIC kanye nezidingo zokuthenga.

• Igesi yokucindezela okuphezulu{{0}okune-"moderate ppm" H₂S (ppH₂S-nobunzima obuqhutshwayo):

I-H₂S ppm efanayo ingaba nzima uma ingcindezi iphelele iphezulu, iphushele i-ppH₂S endaweni lapho amamajini e-SSC eshwabana khona. Amaphrojekthi ngokuvamile ayaqinaukulawula ubulukhunifuthi zidinga ubufakazi obumuncu esikhundleni sokuthembela egameni lebanga kuphela.

• Ukugeleza kwegesi emanzi / i-multiphase ngamanzi amahhala + ama-chloride:

Uma isigaba samanzi sikhona (ukujiya, amanzi akhiqiziwe, noma izimo ezicasulayo), ama-chloride ne-pH ephansi kwandisa ukungena kwe-hydrogen nomsebenzi wokugqwala. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kuvame ukucacisaUkulawula/ukuhlola kwe-HIC (uma kudingeka)kanye nezidingo ezicacile zokuhlanzeka kwempahla.

• Izindawo eziphansi-ze-pH ezivela ku-CO₂ + emanzini (i-carbonic acid), ene-H₂S ekhona:

I-CO₂ encibilikisiwe emanzini yakha i-carbonic acid futhi isheshisa ukugqwala; ngisho ne-H₂S encane ingasusa imodi yokwehluleka iye ku-SSC/HIC. Abathengi bavame ukungezaukwamukelwa okuqinile ekuphikiseni okumuncukanye nezinqumo zokugqwala/zezingubo zokugqoka ezihambisana nombiko owuketshezi.

• Izinga lokushisa lokuhamba ngebhayisikili kanye nokuvalwa/ukuqalisa okudlulayo:

"Ukwehluleka" okuningi kuqhutshwa yizimo ezidlulayo: ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, amarampu okucindezela, nezikhathi zokumanzisa/ukoma. Imininingwane ivame ukuqinaukulawulwa kwe-weld/HAZ, ngoba iziqongo zokuqina kanye nokugxilisa ingcindezi yendawo kuba bucayi kakhulu ngaphansi kokuhamba ngebhayisikili.

• Ukuchayeka ogwini/ogwini ngesifutho sikasawoti + nokuhamba ngebhayisikili okumanzi okomile (kanye nemidiya emuncu):

Indawo yangaphandle yengeza ingcindezi yokugqwala (usawoti, umswakama, izindawo zokuchaphaza) ngaphezu kwengozi emuncu yangaphakathi. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kuvame ukuhlanganisa izidingo zeziqu ezimuncu nei-coating system + ukwamukelwa kokuhlolwa(imibandela yeholide, indlela yokulungisa).

• Uketshezi lwenqubo ene-Acidic enokungcola (H₂S, NH₃, CO₂, chlorides):

Imigqa yokucwenga/amakhemikhali ingabona ukungcola okuxubile kanye nezishayeli zokugqwala zendawo, okushintsha isinqumo sisuke kokuthi "ipayipi lomugqa ojwayelekile" siye kokuthi "isevisi-yezinto ezifanelekile zemvilophu." Izimfuneko ngokuvamile ziba nzima-idokhumenti:ubungako bokufaneleka obucacile, isisekelo sobulukhuni, kanye nemephu yokulandeleka.

Inothi le-Octal Pipe:Ngemibuzo-yesevisi emuncu, i-Octal Pipe ngokuvamile iqala ngokuqinisekisa imvilophu yesevisi (ppH₂S/pH/temperature/chlorides/isigaba samanzi) bese iqondanisa umzila wezinto ezibonakalayo, ububanzi bokuhlola (uma bucacisiwe), kanye nephakheji yamadokhumenti ezingeni elibusayo ukuze okukhethiwe kube ukuqagela{1}}akulungile{2}

Ukuthengwa kwesevisi{0}emuncu kuvame ukwehlukana ezindaweni ezimbili ezifanayo:ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe(ububanzi abucaci) futhiukukhululwa kwesayithi(ubufakazi abubalaphi ipayipi). I-Octal Pipe iphatha isevisi emuncu njengephakheji elawulwayo, ebuyekezwayo elungile eyakhiwe kusukela ku-imvilophu yesevisi-i-ppH₂S, i-pH, izinga lokushisa, ama-chlorides, nesigaba samanzi{1}}ukuze umzila wezinto ezibonakalayo, ububanzi bokuhlola, namadokhumenti aqondaniswe ngaphambi kokuthi ukukhiqizwa kuqale.

Izibonelo zomhlaba-zangempela zalapho le ndlela yonga isikhathi nokusebenza kabusha:

• Isibonelo 1 - "i-ppm ibonakala imaphakathi," ingcindezi iyenza ibe nzima:

Umbiko owuketshezi ungashoH₂S=1,000 ppm, okungabonakala kulawuleka uma uthi nhlá. Kodwa uma umugqa usebenza ngengcindezi ephezulu, i-I-H₂S partial pressure (ppH₂S)ingahambisa isevisi kumbuso omuncu onzima kakhulu. Kulezi zimo, abanikazi ngokuvamile baqinisa izimfunekoukulawula ubulukhunikanye nesisekelo sokufaneleka esingaphansi kwe-MR0175/ISO 15156 (noma isicaciso somqhubi). I-Octal Pipe imaka lokhu kusenesikhathi futhi iguqule umbiko wekhemistri uwenze isikophu sokuthenga esingadlulisa ukubuyekezwa{3}}kunokuvumela ingxoxo ibonakale sekwephuzile njengokuthi "izimfuneko ezimuncu ezingalindelekile."

• Isibonelo 2 - igesi emanzi / amanzi akhiqiziwe + ama-chloride ashintsha imodi yokwehluleka:

Uma amanzi amahhala ekhona futhi ama-chloride aphezulu, ubungozi busuka kokuthi "ukugqwala okuvamile" bubhekeUkuzwela kwe-SSC/HIC, futhi iphrojekthi ingase idingeUkuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSC(noma imibandela ethile yokwamukela) esikhundleni sezitatimende zokuthobela ezejwayelekile. I-Octal Pipe iqondanisa impahla kanye nohlelo lokuhlola ku-ITP ngaphambili ukuze inkatho ikhishwe ngobufakazi obubhalwe phansi kunokuba icala-ngokuhumusha{2}}icala.

Okulethwa yi-Octal Pipe kumaphrojekthi wesevisi-emuncu (afundekayo, hhayi ajwayelekile):

• -imvilophu-ukukhethwa kwezinto eziqhutshwa yisevisi:Ipayipi le-Carbon steel sour line lapho lamukelekile, nezilawuli ezidingekayo; futhi uma imvilophu ikufuna, i-Octal Pipe ingaphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa okufana nalokhuukulawula ubulukhuni obuqinile, ububanzi bokufaneleka obuqinile, noma izinketho ze-CRA/izigqoko/zendwanguukusula umnikazi/ukubuyekezwa kwe-EPC.
• Ubufakazi beziqu kanye nokuhlola obuhambisana ne-PO/ITP:Ukuhlola kwe-HIC/SSC uma kucacisiwe, i-UT/NDT ngokobubanzi bephrojekthi, kanye nezinqubo ezilawulwayo zokushisela/HAZ lapho kufanele khona-ukwamukelwa kwesevisi okumuncu-okumuncu kusekelwa amarekhodi.
• Ukulandeleka okusindayo kweqiniso lesayithi:Okuningi{{0}okusekelwe kumephu okuxhumayoukushisa/ikhoyili → ukumaka ipayipi → amarekhodi okuhlola → i-MTC, kunciphisa ukubambezeleka okuvame kakhulu-kwesevisi okumuncu: "ipayipi elethiwe kodwa alikhululwa" ngenxa yezixhumanisi ezingekho embhalweni.

Xhumana manje

FAQ

 

 

Q: Isho ukuthini isevisi emuncu kumapayipi kawoyela negesi?

A:Isevisi emuncu isho indawo yokusebenza (ppH₂S, pH, izinga lokushisa, ama-chlorides, nesigaba samanzi) ingadala umonakalo ohlobene ne-hydrogen{0}}I-SSC/HIC, ngakho-ke impahla nokwamukelwa kufanele kulandeleMR0175 / ISO 15156izidingo.

Q: Isevisi emuncu i-H2S ppm - ingabe i-ppm yanele ukwahlulela ubukhali?

A:Cha. Ubukhulu buvamise kuhlolwa nguI-H₂S partial pressure (ppH₂S), hhayi i-ppm yodwa; isikrini esingokoqoboppH₂S=(H₂S ingxenyana yemvukuzane) × (ingqikithi yokucindezela).

Q: Yiziphi izidingo zensizakalo emuncu yempahla yepayipi lenkonzo emuncu?

A:I-PO-yesevisi emuncu kufanele isho izinga elibusayo (MR0175/ISO 15156),imvilophu yesevisi(ppH₂S/pH/T/chlorides/amanzi), kanye nezilawuli ezidingekayo ezifanaimikhawulo yobulukhunifuthiUkuhlolwa kwe-HIC/SSCuma kucacisiwe.

Q: Yiziphi izidingo zokushisela isevisi emuncu?

A:Izidingo zokushisela isevisi emuncu zigxile ekulawuleniweld/HAZ ubulukhuni(ngokuvamile ngezilawuli ze-WPS/PQR ezifana nokufaka ukushisa kanye -nomkhuba we-hydrogen ophansi) nokwenza ukuqinisekiswa kokuqina uma kudingwa iphrojekthi ye-ITP/spec ukuze kwehliswe ingcuphe ye-SSC.

Izitifiketi

 

Isitifiketi se-CE

Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001

Isitifiketi se-API Q1

Isitifiketi se-ABS

Isitifiketi se-AP-5L

Isitifiketi se-API-5CT

 

Amashadi ashisayo: isevisi emuncu ＆ izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, i-China sour service ＆ abakhiqizi bezicelo ezikhethekile, abahlinzeki, imboni